Vital Sign Monitor Device Equipped with a Telegram Notifications Based on Internet of Thing Platform

Article Info Abstract Article History: Received July 19, 2021 Revised August 14, 2021 Accepted August 20, 2021 Vital Sign Monitor is a tool used to diagnose a patient who needs intensive care to know the condition of the patient. Parameters used in monitoring the patient's condition include body temperature and respiration. The contribution of this research designed a vital sign monitoring tool with IoT-based notifications so that remote monitoring can be done by utilizing web Thinger.io, LCD, RGB LEDs as a display of the results of the study and notify telegrams if it becomes abnormal to the patient's condition. Therefore, in order to produce accurate data in the process of data retrieval, a relaxed position of the patient is required and the stability of the wi-fi network so that monitoring is not hampered. The study used the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor placed on the axilla and the piezoelectric sensor placed on the abdomen of the patient. The results of the study were obtained by taking data on patients. The resulting temperature value will be compared to the thermometer, which produces the highest error value of 0.56%, which is still possible because the tolerance limit is 1oC. and for the collection of respiration values that have been compared to the patient monitor obtained the highest error value of 6.2%, which is still feasible because the tolerance limit is 10%. In this study, there is often a crash library between the temperature sensor and other sensors, so for further research, recommend to replacing the temperature sensor.


I. INTRODUCTION
Monitoring of vital signs is a measurement of a person's health condition [1][2] [3]. Monitoring is necessary in case of symptoms of a disease that must be taken quickly so that the patient's condition does not worsen [4][5] [6]. The patient's condition can deteriorate anywhere and anytime. Therefore, a tool equipped with a system that can notify the doctor to perform actions If the patient shows less or more results than normal [7][8] [9].
In this study, the monitoring of vital signs was created to monitor heart rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, and respiration. Previous research has been done by Anggi Zafia made a Prototype vital Monitoring Tool Sign Inpatients using Wireless Sensors as a Physical Distancing Effort to deal with Covid 19 using Zigbee [10][11] [12]. For respiratory frequency gauges have also been made in 2018 by Ni Putu Anggi Trisna D about Design And Build Vital Signs Examination Tool Appear PC ( Respiration &Heart Rate), using sensor FC-04, but the use of this sensor will make the patient uncomfortable because when measuring respiration that must use the mouthpiece so that it will affect the breath [13] [14] [15]. In addition, respiratory rate measuring instruments have also been made in 2015 by Wendi Era Sonata

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Parameters and Body Temperature). This monitoring can be used to diagnose patient health anywhere and anytime and so that the patient or user can monitor his vital condition displayed through the status on display, the application thinger.io, forwarded delivery to telegram if the patient's condition is not normal [25]. Patients with late adolescence can use this study to connect well with medical experts and receive timely treatment.

A. Experimental Setup
This study used six normal subjects with the criteria the ages ranged between 22 and 27 years. The subjects were randomly sampled, and the data collection is repeated six times.

1) Materials and Tool
This study used piezoelectric as respiration sensor and DS18B20(DS18B20, Dallas, China) as a body temperature sensor, character LCD, RGB LED Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, and ESP32 used for serial communication. Oscilloscopes(Textronic, DPO2012, Taiwan) are used to test analog circuits.

2) Experiment
In this study, after the design was completed, DS18B20 (DS18B20, Dallas, China) sensor testing was conducted using thermometers and piezoelectric sensor testing using patient monitors (Mindray, Beneheart D6, China).

B. The Diagram Block
In this research, Body temperature is detected by the DS18B20 sensor and the respiration rate using piezoelectric sensors. The results of the sensor readings will enter the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as a data processor, which will then be sent serially to the ESP32. Furthermore, the wi-fi on the ESP32 will send data to the thinger.io server. If the data output from the parameters is not normal, a notification of the patient's vital status will be sent via Telegram received by the health worker, and all parameters will be displayed on the LCD, as shown in Fig. 1.

C. The Flowchart
The Arduino program is built based on a flowchart, as shown in Figure 2. which explains that when the on button is pressed, an initialization process occurs. The DS18B20 sensor and piezoelectric sensor will work to detect and calculate body temperature values and respiration rate values, and then these value data will be processed by the microcontroller. After the value of the two parameters has been taken, the value will be sent to the Arduino Mega microcontroller, which is communicated serially to the ESP32, which will be sent to Thinger.io, displayed on the LCD Display, and information will be sent to the Telegram accompanied by an LED indicator on the device if the patient is not in a state normal.

III. RESULTS
In this study, the test was carried out directly on the respondent to measure the value of the respiration rate and body temperature compared to using a patient monitor(Mindray, Beneheart D6 China). and a thermometer.  Figure 3 and Figure 4 above are the measurement results of the module with comparison. RGB LED as an indicator when there is an abnormality in the measurement of body temperature and respiration rate, the abnormality will be indicated by RGB LED color, if the parameter value below the average RGB LED will be red when normal will be green, and when above-average it will be blue. Figure 5 is a view of the respiration rate and body temperature values that can be seen when the tool is connected to the Thingerio. It can be viewed on the dashboard section of the thinger.io. Figure 6 is a notification display of the respiration rate and body temperature value on Telegram. Telegram will give a notification if the respiration rate and body temperature values are abnormal.

2) Listing Program Arduino Mega 2560 Serial
Communication In this paper, The use of serial communication between Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP32 via TX RX aims to send sensor data readings to IoT Thingerio was shown in Listing Program 1.
Which consisted of the program of Arduino Mega 2560 as a sender of sensor data and as a display of data results on an LCD with an RGB LED indicator.

4)
Listing Program Temperature Initialization in the temperature program was shown in the Listing Program 3 contains the DS18B20 temperature sensor library which is a serial communication using one data line.

5)
Listing Program RR Listing Program 4 explains that when the device is first turned on or reset, the module will automatically look for a reference from the incoming signal via analog pin 3. This reference serves to limit the value of the respiration signal.  Table 1 above is the data obtained from the comparison display which is compared with the values listed on the module display. Data collection was carried out six times to 6 respondents. The data taken has the lowest error value of 0% and the highest error value of 6.2%.  Table 2 above is the data obtained from the comparison display which is compared with the values listed on the module display. Data collection was carried out six times to 6 respondents. The data taken has the lowest error value of 0.22% and the highest error value of 0.56%.

IV. DISCUSSION
Based on the results of the measurement of vital signs, which were compared with the values from previous studies, the temperature value measured using a thermometer obtained the highest error value of 0.56% while the results of the previous study were 0.5%, the result is still feasible because the tolerance limit is 1° C. and for the measurement of respiration values that have been compared with patient monitors, the highest error value is 6.2% while the results of previous studies are 5.36%, these results are still feasible because the tolerance limit is 10%. In this study, there is often a crash library between the temperature sensor and other sensors, so for further research, recommend replacing the temperature sensor. Behind the lack of research, this tool has the benefit of assisting health workers in monitoring vital signs in patients remotely, and there are notifications on telegrams that can be accessed by health workers easily when abnormal conditions occur in patients.

V. CONCLUSION
Overall this research can be concluded that the vital sign module can monitor well and can send notifications to Telegram by using IoT. The DS18B20 sensor can detect human body temperature with a good and stable level of accuracy, and It has been possible to make a respiration monitoring device with a ceramic piezoelectric sensor that displays the results of respiratory rate measurements in the form of a number plotting graph. An IoT program can be created to display the results of respiration measurements on Thingerio. Further, the system is able to connect Arduino Mega 2560 with ESP32 Module for serial communication. The results of data collection were carried out by comparing the tool with the comparison tool six times to 6 respondents. The data taken for the temperature parameter has the lowest error value of 0.22% and the highest error value of 0.56%. And for the respiration parameter, the lowest error value is 0%, and the highest error value is 6.2%. In this study, there is often a crash library between the temperature sensor and other sensors, so for further research, recommend replacing the temperature sensor.